Protect Livestock from Avian Influenza

By Scout Nelson

Spring migration brings millions of wild birds through North Dakota, raising the risk of avian influenza (HPAI) for poultry and dairy animals. Avian influenza is caused by the influenza A virus, which spreads through bird droppings and respiratory secretions and survives for weeks in cool, damp places.

Positive HPAI cases have been reported in poultry and dairy across the U.S. The first sign in poultry is often sudden death. Other symptoms include reduced feed and water intake, fewer eggs, purple or dry combs, swelling near the eyes, and lethargy.

In dairy cattle, HPAI is not usually fatal. Signs include a sudden drop in milk production, fever, lack of appetite, and discoloured or thick milk.

To prevent disease, wildlife must be kept away from livestock. Avoid attracting wild birds by cleaning up feed spills and using nonlethal methods to deter them. Change clothes and disinfect shoes after handling wildlife.

NDSU Extension recommends keeping animals indoors during high-risk periods and reporting sick or dead wildlife. Proper disposal methods are available on their website.

To prevent disease spread between domestic animals, restrict property access, don’t let poultry and livestock share food or water, and keep their environments clean. Always wear clean clothes and disinfect equipment after contact. New birds should be kept separate for 30 days.

Avoid sharing equipment with neighbours and disinfect vehicles if visiting places with other birds.

“As a dairy or poultry owner, it is your job to create a line of separation between your clean animals and the potential unclean issues that wildlife or visitors may bring,” says Keena.

Products from infected animals are not allowed in the market. Proper cooking and pasteurization kill the virus. Avoid using raw milk from sick animals.

As of 2025, no HPAI cases have been found in North Dakota. Early detection is key. Report sick animals to a local vet or contact the North Dakota State Veterinarian at 701-328-2655.

Photo Credits:gettyimages-wikoski