Protect livestock from heat stress

By Scout Nelson

Heat stress is a serious threat to livestock, particularly when high temperatures coincide with increased humidity.

Livestock owners in regions prone to such conditions must implement proactive management strategies to safeguard their animals.

The temperature-humidity index is a valuable tool for assessing heat stress risk. When this index reaches 82 or higher, livestock begin to experience discomfort.

As it climbs towards 87 and beyond, the risk of severe heat stress escalates. Monitoring weather forecasts and being prepared for extreme conditions is crucial.

Preventive Measures

• Water Availability: Adequate access to clean water is essential. Ensure water sources are sufficient and easily accessible to all animals. Regular checks of water supply lines and pressure are vital.
• Shade and Ventilation: Providing ample shade is crucial. Aim for at least 20 square feet of shade per animal. Proper ventilation is equally important. Remove wind barriers and ensure shade structures do not obstruct airflow.
• Cooling Strategies: Consider cooling the pen's surface by wetting it down or using light-colored bedding. Sprinkler systems can be effective but should be used with caution to avoid increasing humidity.
• Animal Handling: Minimize animal handling during heat stress. If necessary, conduct it during cooler morning hours and handle animals calmly. Avoid overcrowding and ensure adequate water access in handling facilities.
• Feeding Adjustments: Shift feeding times to cooler parts of the day, such as late afternoon or evening. Reduce feed amounts during heat stress to aid in recovery.

Signs of heat stress include increased respiration, panting, drooling, and lethargy. In severe cases, animals may become recumbent. Immediate intervention is crucial for animals showing signs of distress. Consult with a veterinarian for guidance.

By implementing these proactive measures and closely monitoring livestock during hot weather, livestock owners can significantly reduce the risk of heat stress and protect the health and well-being of their animals.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture has a heat stress forecast tool available at https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/clay-center-ne/marc/documents/heat-stress/main/.

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