Protect livestock from cyanobacteria toxins

By Scout Nelson

Cyanobacteria, often referred to as blue-green algae, can pose a serious risk to livestock, wildlife, and humans. These microscopic organisms thrive in warm, nutrient-rich water bodies, forming harmful blooms.

Excess nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, fuel cyanobacteria growth. Mismanaged fertilizers and manure can contribute to nutrient runoff, creating ideal conditions for blooms.

Additionally, recent above-average rainfall may have increased nutrient transport to water bodies, further exacerbating the problem.

Cyanobacteria blooms often appear as thick, green, red, or yellow scums on the water's surface. These scums may resemble paint or spilled dye. Some blooms may be entirely underwater.

Certain cyanobacteria produce toxins harmful to animals. Livestock exposed to these toxins may experience symptoms like weakness, tremors, difficulty breathing, and in severe cases, death.

Symptoms can appear rapidly or take several hours to manifest. Animals affected by liver toxins might show signs of weakness, pale gums, diarrhea, and eventual death.

To prevent cyanobacteria poisoning:

• Implement nutrient management plans to reduce nutrient runoff.
• Create designated drinking areas away from potential bloom sites.
• Fence off contaminated water bodies.
• Pump water from deeper, less contaminated areas.
• Consider alternative water sources during hot, dry periods.

If you suspect cyanobacteria poisoning:

• Contact a veterinarian immediately.
• Collect water samples for testing, following guidelines provided by local extension offices.

Reducing nutrient loads is crucial for preventing cyanobacteria blooms. Farmers and ranchers can contribute by:

• Following proper fertilizer application guidelines.
• Implementing soil conservation practices to reduce erosion.
• Establishing buffer strips to filter nutrients.

By understanding the risks and taking proactive steps, livestock owners and land managers can help protect animals and water resources from the harmful effects of cyanobacteria.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-imaginegolf