Warm spring threatens grain safety - essential monitoring tips

By Scout Nelson

As temperatures climb this spring, the risk of grain spoilage in storage becomes a pressing concern. Ken Hellevang, an agricultural engineer and grain drying expert at North Dakota State University Extension, highlights the increased need for diligent grain monitoring and management.

The rise in temperature, fueled not only by seasonal changes but also by significant solar heat gain, particularly on the south walls and roofs of bins, creates optimal conditions for grain spoilage.

A mere ten-degree increase in temperature can halve the allowable storage time for grains. For corn at 17% moisture, the storage time drops from around 130 days at 50 degrees Fahrenheit to about 75 days at 60 degrees, and to 45 days at 70 degrees.

To combat these challenges, Hellevang recommends, "periodically running aeration fans during the spring to keep the grain temperature near or below 30 degrees if it exceeds recommended storage moisture contents and below 40 degrees as long as possible during spring and early summer if the grain is dry. "

He also advises keeping bin vents clear to avoid roof damage and covering fans when not in use to prevent warm air from entering and heating the grain.

Monitoring grain temperature every two weeks and inspecting for insect infestations are critical steps in early detection of storage issues. Verifying the moisture content of stored grain is crucial, with specific moisture levels recommended for safe summer storage: corn at 13% to 14%, soybeans at 11% to 12%, and wheat at 13%, among others.

For natural air drying, Hellevang outlines specific airflow rates and maximum moisture contents for different grains, emphasizing the importance of starting the fan when outdoor temperatures are conducive to drying. He notes, "Remember that some of the allowable storage life was used during the fall before the grain was cooled to near or below freezing, so there is less time for spring drying before deterioration occurs. "

The importance of safety in grain handling cannot be overstated, with Hellevang stressing the increased risk of accidents under challenging conditions. By following these expert recommendations, farmers can navigate the warmer months with minimal grain storage issues, ensuring their hard-earned harvest remains safe and profitable.

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