Monitor stored grain in winter months

By Scout Nelson

Stored grain can face multiple challenges during fall and winter, especially with fluctuating temperatures. Effective monitoring and management are crucial to maintain grain quality and prevent problems like mold growth, insect infestations, and crusting.

Grain must be kept dry and cool to inhibit mold development. For example, cereal grain at 18% moisture can be stored for up to 200 days at 40°F but only 15 days at 80°F. As grain temperature increases, allowable storage time decreases by half for every 10°F rise. Reducing moisture content extends storage time significantly.

Insects become dormant below 50°F, making it vital to keep grain temperature under this threshold. During winter, maintaining temperatures below freezing can kill insects. Moisture migration can also occur if there is a 20°F difference between grain and outdoor temperatures. This can lead to crusting and increased moisture near the grain’s top, which can be minimized with timely aeration. Grain should ideally be cooled to 20-30°F for winter storage.

Regular checks are essential for maintaining grain health. Inspect grain every two to three weeks at winter storage temperatures and more frequently in warmer conditions. Monitor grain temperature, moisture content, and look for signs of insects. Since moisture readings are inaccurate below 40°F, warm samples to room temperature before testing.

Temperature variations near the bin wall and grain surface are influenced by solar radiation. Late winter and spring require extra attention, especially near the south-facing wall, to keep grain temperatures below 40°F. Periodic aeration is essential to prevent overheating.

Safety is paramount when walking around grain bins. Avoid entering bins while unloading and always secure equipment using “lock-out/tag-out” procedures. Grain suffocation can occur in seconds if precautions are not followed.

By implementing these steps, grain quality can be preserved, ensuring successful storage throughout the season.

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