Avian Flu’s Impact on North Dakota Wildlife

By Scout Nelson

Avian influenza, also known as bird flu, continues to spread across the U.S., affecting all 50 states. Recently, in North Dakota, the Game and Fish Department discovered multiple Canada geese carcasses along the Missouri River and Nelson Lake in Oliver County. Tests confirmed that the birds died from the virus.

Wild birds, particularly those in migratory flocks, are the primary carriers of avian influenza. The central flyway, a migration route spanning from Texas to Canada, plays a significant role in the spread of the virus. North Dakota lies along this route, which led to the early introduction of the virus in the state. In 2022, avian influenza infected 24 domestic flocks, mostly backyard chickens and commercial turkeys. By 2024, that number dropped to just four cases, but the virus continues to impact wild birds.

In addition to wildlife, the virus has caused mass culling of industrial poultry flocks and sickened dairy herds in other states. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported 70 human infections and one fatality. However, the public health risk remains low.

As spring approaches, North Dakota hunters will participate in the light goose conservation order, harvesting birds like snows, blues, and Ross's geese, which have also been affected by avian influenza. While migratory birds have likely been exposed to the virus, hunters can safely eat the birds if they cook them thoroughly to at least 165°F, as the virus is heat-sensitive. However, eating already dead birds, even if cooked, poses a greater risk.

State officials urge people in affected areas to take precautions to prevent spreading the virus. They advise against handling sick or dead birds, recommend washing hands with soap and water, and suggest cleaning equipment and boots, especially for those with birds at home.

To help monitor the outbreak, the public is encouraged to report any sick or dead birds through the North Dakota Game and Fish Department's online form.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-wikoski