U.S. Soybean Farmers Face Tough Harvest in 2025

By Scout Nelson

American soybean farmers are entering the 2025 harvest season with uncertainty as China, their largest buyer, has not placed any new orders. China usually buys more than half of all exported U.S. soybeans, making its absence especially damaging.

The trade dispute between the U.S. and China, ongoing since 2018, continues to hurt crop growers. Many producers in states like North Dakota remember the losses from earlier years when China shifted to Brazil for soybeans. Experts warn that without Chinese demand, profit margins remain negative, especially with high production costs.

Storage is one option, but space is limited. Farmers harvesting soybeans first may find their bins filled, leaving little room for corn later in the season. Even if stored until spring, U.S. soybeans risk losing out to fresher Brazilian supplies entering the global market in February.

To manage, many producers are turning to domestic crushing plants, which process soybeans into oil and meal. Crushing capacity in the U.S. has grown by 14% since 2023, with new plants opening, including two in North Dakota. These facilities have improved local prices, but experts say their capacity may eventually reach limits.

Some farmers have adjusted by entering the seed market. By producing specialty soybean seeds for retailers, growers can earn premiums and ensure a guaranteed buyer. This shift has helped stabilize income even as exports decline.

The overall picture shows that U.S. soybean producers are being forced to adapt. While domestic crush plants and seed markets offer alternatives, the loss of China leaves a major gap that cannot easily be filled. Without stable global trade and strong demand, farmers face continued uncertainty during this critical harvest season.

Photo Credit: istock-ds70