Producers Urged to Protect Cattle from Dust

By Scout Nelson

Dry and dusty weather conditions continue to create challenges for cattle producers as respiratory health concerns increase across grazing and feeding areas. Dust exposure can affect cattle lungs and increase the risk of pneumonia, especially during dry periods with strong winds and poor air quality. Experts encourage producers to monitor animals carefully and take steps to reduce dust exposure.

Dr. Jake Galbreath from North Dakota State University Extension explains that dusty conditions can weaken the natural defenses inside cattle airways. Dust particles may irritate lung tissue and create conditions that allow infections to develop more easily. Young calves remain especially vulnerable because their lungs and immune systems are still developing.

“Calves are usually more at risk of developing pneumonia because their lungs have not matured and their immune systems are not fully developed to fight infection,” says Dr. Galbreath.

Veterinarians encourage producers to identify respiratory problems early before permanent lung damage occurs. Common warning signs include watery or irritated eyes, thick mucus around the nose or eyes, coughing, wheezing, harsh breathing, stretching of the neck, and faster breathing while resting. Producers should pay close attention to cattle behavior during dusty weather conditions.

Dr. Galbreath also recommends slower cattle handling practices to reduce stress on animals experiencing breathing difficulties.

“Working slowly is even more important in cattle with respiratory disease, as their lung function may be significantly impaired,” says Dr. Galbreath.

Dust may also contribute to additional cattle health concerns such as pinkeye and rectal prolapse caused by repeated coughing. Producers are encouraged to spray water around pens and roads, reduce unnecessary traffic near cattle, utilize windbreaks, clean water sources regularly, and monitor grazing conditions to avoid overgrazing.

Vaccination programs, proper nutrition, mineral intake, and veterinary guidance also support stronger immune systems and healthier cattle during dry conditions. Treatment for respiratory disease often includes antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and supportive care. Producers are encouraged to work closely with veterinarians when developing treatment plans for respiratory health issues.

For more information about dry conditions, visit ndsu.ag/drought-26.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-r-j-seymour