By Scout Nelson
Winter wheat makes up only a small portion of North Dakota’s overall wheat production, but it continues to play an important role for both profit and soil health. In 2025, farmers planted about 120,000 acres of winter wheat, a 4% decline from the previous year, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture data.
Despite the slight drop in acreage, experts say this fall offers strong opportunities for establishing a good crop. Victor Gomes, NDSU Extension cropping systems specialist, explains that soil moisture is much improved compared to last year. Since May, western North Dakota has received close to 15 inches of rainfall. This is a major change from fall 2024, when dry soils delayed germination and many fields did not emerge until the following spring.
Winter wheat provides both economic value and environmental benefits. The crop maintains living cover and active roots through the cold months, reduces erosion, controls runoff, and competes against winter annual weeds.
NDSU Extension offers clear recommendations for farmers planting winter wheat. They include:
- Choose the right variety for your region using the NDSU Variety Trial Selection Tool and variety guides.
- Always use new seed rather than saved seed to reduce disease risks and improve stand establishment.
- Consider fungicide seed treatments, particularly with modes of action effective against Pythium and Fusarium.
- Plant during the optimum window of September 15 to 30 in southern North Dakota. Higher seeding rates are advised if planting later.
- Sow wheat at 1 to 1.5 inches deep, with a target of 900,000 to 1.2 million viable seeds per acre.
- Rotate crops wisely. Winter wheat performs best after canola, peas, or lentils that provide stubble to trap snow. Avoid planting after wheat, barley, or corn to reduce disease and pests.
With improved soil conditions and careful management, winter wheat offers farmers a reliable option for both profit and sustainability in 2025.
Photo Credit: istock-zhaojiankang
Categories: North Dakota, Crops, Wheat