By Scout Nelson
North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension specialists are urging poultry and livestock owners to strengthen biosecurity practices as wild birds begin their fall migration.
This seasonal movement increases the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) transmission to domestic animals.
HPAI, caused by influenza Type A, spreads through the feces and respiratory secretions of infected birds. The virus can survive for weeks in cool, damp conditions. In early September, a turkey flock in Dickey County tested positive for HPAI, underscoring the importance of preventive action.
NDSU Extension veterinarian Dr. Jake Galbreath explains that the disease affects both domestic birds and livestock. While most cases occur in poultry and dairy cattle, HPAI has also been reported in cats, goats, and even a pig.
To limit transmission, experts recommend keeping poultry or livestock housed when possible, removing spilled feed that attracts wildlife, and disinfecting clothes and footwear after handling wildlife. Sick or dead animals should be reported to the North Dakota Game and Fish Department.
For domestic herds, owners are advised to restrict property access, minimize visitors, and isolate new animals for 30 days before introducing them to flocks or herds. Equipment such as tools and supplies should not be shared with neighbors to reduce cross-contamination.
According to livestock environmental specialist Mary Keena, the best defense is a strong biosecurity plan. “It is your job as an animal owner to create a line of separation between your clean animals and the potential unclean issues that wildlife or visitors may bring,” she says.
While avian influenza rarely spreads to humans, it remains a zoonotic disease. Extension experts emphasize that meat, eggs, and pasteurized dairy remain safe to eat, but raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products from exposed cattle carry risks.
To date, four cases of HPAI have been confirmed in North Dakota poultry in 2025, with no cases in dairy cattle. Farmers are urged to report sick animals to veterinarians or the North Dakota state veterinarian’s office.
Photo Credit: north-dakota-state-university
Categories: North Dakota, Livestock, Dairy Cattle, Poultry