How to protect farm animals in heat

By Scout Nelson

As heat waves approach North Dakota, professionals from North Dakota State University's Extension program are stressing the value of livestock owners being ready. Proactive steps are essential to prevent animals from heat stress, as forecasts indicate temperatures 5 to 10 degrees above usual.

Experts saw a chance for fieldwork during the final week of July and urged livestock managers to put action plans in place before heat stress has an adverse effect on animal health. They emphasize how important it is to pay special attention to weather forecasts to foresee scenarios that combine high heat and humidity with potential danger.

A crucial component of these plans involves ensuring an adequate water supply. Animals should have access to at least 2 inches of linear water through space per head. For instance, a pen of 200 animals requires 400 inches of trough space. Ensuring robust water flow and pressure is also vital to meet increased consumption needs during heat waves.

Shade is another critical factor. Livestock should have at least 20 square feet of shade per animal. Temporary or permanent shade structures should be strategically placed to facilitate air movement and not obstruct it, enhancing the animals’ ability to cool down.

Surface cooling strategies, like using sprinklers to lower ground temperatures, are recommended. This approach, coupled with the use of light-colored bedding, can significantly reduce heat absorption from the ground.

Handling livestock during heat events should be minimized. If necessary, handling should occur in the early morning to reduce stress. Adjusting feed times to cooler parts of the day can also help manage internal heat production from digestion.

Lastly, NDSU specialists urge immediate intervention if animals show severe distress signs like increased panting, foaming at the mouth, or lethargy. Quick action, in consultation with a veterinarian, is essential to mitigate the effects of heat stress, ensuring livestock welfare and productivity during challenging weather conditions.

Photo Credit: north-dakota-state-university