Winter bull care - ensuring health and fertility

By Scout Nelson

As the cold season approaches, it's important to focus on the often-overlooked aspect of farm management: winter care for bulls. With the breeding season lasting only 60 to 90 days for most producers.  

Ensuring your bulls are well-cared for during the off-season months is essential for their performance and the overall success of the breeding program.  

Understanding the Effects of Frostbite 

Winter poses a significant risk of frostbite to bulls, particularly affecting the scrotum, which can lead to decreased fertility. Providing dry areas for bulls to rest, such as bedding or sheltered pasture areas, is critical to diminishing this risk.  

These preventive measures are fundamental to avoid the adverse effects of cold and wet conditions that contribute to frostbite. 

Nutritional Needs Through Winter 

The nutritional management of bulls during winter varies based on their age and condition post-breeding season. Mature bulls in good condition can be maintained on a forage-based diet, ensuring the forage contains adequate protein and is available at two percent of body weight daily.   

Younger bulls require more energy and nutrients to support their growth, necessitating a diet with higher protein content and a vitamin and mineral program to achieve optimal daily gains.  

Preparing for the Breeding Season 

A body condition score of 6 at the start of the breeding season is ideal for bulls, allowing for weight loss during active breeding without impacting sperm quality. Evaluating and adjusting bulls' body condition scores well in advance of the breeding season is essential for their readiness and performance. 

Housing and Exercise 

Sufficient housing and exercise are crucial for bull health and readiness for the breeding season. Housing should provide enough space for exercise and social distancing to prevent injuries from social dominance behaviors.  

Feeder space and strategic placement of feed and water encourage movement and maintain endurance, preparing bulls for the physical demands of the breeding season. 

Winter care for bulls is crucial for livestock management, requiring attention to frostbite prevention, nutritional needs, body condition, and physical readiness. Implementing these strategies ensures bulls are in good condition for breeding season, contributing to breeding program success and sustainability.

Photo Credit - gettyimages-steveoehlenschlager